NFKB1 and cancer: Since the best documented activity of NF-κB in oncogenesis is to upregulate genes that suppress cancer-cell apoptosis, and despite its ubiquitous nature, NF-κB signalling elicits transcriptional programmes that vary considerably depending upon the type of tissue and activating stimulus, we sought to target a non-redundant, cancer cell-specific downstream effector of this oncogenic NF-κB-mediated survival function, rather than NF-κB itself (Fig. 1) (Begalli et al., 2017; Annunziata et al., 2007; Keats et al., 2007; Bennett et al., 2013).