Aberrant NF-κB signalling is a hallmark of the large majority of human cancers, where it drives oncogenesis, disease recurrence and therapy resistance, largely by regulating genes that suppress malignant cell apoptosis and govern inflammation in the tumour microenvironment (TME) (Xia et al., 2014; DiDonato et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and neoplasm.