In addition, upregulation of cytokines namely, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, as well as interferon-γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been observed in serum of patients during acute phase of ZIKV infection compared to normal uninfected individuals (Tappe et al., 2016). Here, CCL3 is linked to Zika virus infectious disease.