In comparison to mock plants, the VIGS plant (pTRV-MebZIP3 and pTRV-MebZIP5) leaves showed more bacterial number (Figure 5B), lower transcripts of defense-related genes (PR1, PR2, PR3, and PR4) (Figure 6), less callose depositions and lower levels of H2O2 in plant leaves upon Xam infection (Figures 7A,B). Here, TMEM37 is linked to infection.