Several in vivo studies have shown the therapeutic benefit of redirecting tumor-associated macrophages to M1 phenotype by agents such as TLR9 ligand CpG in combination with antibody to IL-10R (88), TLR7/8 agonist 3M-052 (98), or liposomal nanoparticle-encapsulated hydrazinocurcumin (99). Here, TLR9 is linked to neoplasm.