IPF fibroblasts treated with TGFβ1 in the presence of mEVs or mEVs-α-IgG have significantly lower α-SMA (31%), FN-EDA (54%) and Col III (55%) (Fig. 1B) compared to those treated with TGFβ1 alone, similar to the responses of normal fibroblasts shown in Fig. 2A. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.