Alterations in UII and UII receptor (UTR) tissue expression and circulating and urinary levels of UII have been reported in human and experimental animals with cardiovascular and renal diseases, including hypertension, renal failure, congestive heart failure, atherosclerosis, renal fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, and diabetes1,2,4–8. The gene discussed is UTS2; the disease is kidney failure.