SPARCL1 and neoplasm: Among the top 10 most highly expressed genes (AGR3, SEPT4, ELMOD1, FAM178B, KAZALD1, PRLR, DNAJC6, AMER3, DSEL and SPARCL1) detected in the samples, most have been associated with various functions (e.g., tumor differentiation17, cytoskeletal alteration and cell apoptosis18, cell growth and differentiation19, epithelial–mesenchymal transition20 and Wnt signalling21).