In fact, it was shown that promoter methylation of E-cadherin1 (CDH1) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) genes, encoding E-cadherin for an epithelial cell adhesion molecule and P16 for cell cycle regulator, respectively, correlated with the high occurrence of pancreatic cancer or rapid progression of the disease24,25. Here, CDKN2A is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.