However, unlike the APPNLh and APPSL models, addition of the Dutch mutation in the APPDSL mice promoted formation of vascular amyloid characteristic of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), with cerebral blood flow reduction, late-onset microhemorrhage, and cognitive impairment - but only when intercrossed with a Psen1 mutant line [57]. This evidence concerns the gene PSEN1 and Cognitive impairment.