On the other hand, it was shown that the hippocampus is the major site expressing IL-1β, the IL-1β receptor (IL-1βR), and the naturally occurring IL-1βR antagonist (IL-1RA) in the brain [48]; it was further indicated that enhanced hippocampal IL-1β expression may play a pivotal role in influencing hippocampal synaptic plasticity modulation and memory impairment. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and memory impairment.