IGFBP3 and asthma: Regarding increased Igfbp3 and Igfbp5 levels in HDM-treated Igf1r-deficient mice, exogenous IGFBP3 and IGFBP5 administration blocks the physiological consequences of asthma and enhances epithelial cell adhesion to maintain the epithelial-mesenchymal boundary [9,10,18].