VEGFA and neoplasm: Finally, tumor angiogenesis may be also affected and regulated by TGFβ family members, that exert a contradictory role in endothelial cells by inhibiting cell migration and proliferation but also acting as a proangiogenic factor and cooperating with VEGF, PDGF, and FGF in autocrine/paracrine signaling (Guerrero and McCarty, 2017).