TGFB1 and glioblastoma: Preclinical studies have shown the anti-angiogenic effect elicited by the TGFβ inhibition in HCC, CRC, and GBM xenografts (Mazzocca et al., 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Akbari et al., 2014) offering the rationale for the combination of TGFβ inhibitors with VEGF targeting agents (Neuzillet et al., 2015).