In 2016, miR863-3p was found to silence two negative regulators (ARLPK1 and ARLPK2) of Arabidopsis defense at the early stage of infection of Pseudomonas syringae through mRNA degradation to promote immunity, and it could also silence SERRATE to positively regulate defense through translational inhibition at late infection stage (Niu et al., 2016). Here, SRRT is linked to infection.