CCK and pancreatitis: Our previous studies with molecular approach in AR42J cell line showed that PKD was required in NF-κB activation in in vitro model of pancreatitis induced by CCK and the cholinergic agonist CCh (Yuan et al., 2008), it is therefore of significance to further investigate the function of PKD in NF-κB activation with in vivo experimental models of pancreatitis.