NPM1 and acute myeloid leukemia: NPM1 was found commonly mutated in both adult and childhood AML patients, with a higher incidence reported in adults (24–29%) (Mardis et al., 2009; Grossmann et al., 2012; Cancer Genome Atlas Research, 2013) than in children (3–11%) (Brown et al., 2007; Thol et al., 2011; Liang et al., 2013; Rubio et al., 2016; Shiba et al., 2016).