Breast cancer cells extend invasive protrusions when they migrate into a fibroblast-derived 3D extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment which resembles the tumour stroma10, and this key facet of invasiveness is opposed by pharmacological inhibition or siRNA of the transmembrane matrix metalloprotease, MT1-MMP—as described below. This evidence concerns the gene MMP14 and breast carcinoma.