Moreover, in a data set downloaded from the GEO database (accession code GSE63067), gene expression of Tlr4, Nox2, Rac1 and Rac2 was remarkably increased in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared with heathy controls (Supplementary Fig. 7). This evidence concerns the gene RAC1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.