More recently, it has been shown that cff-DNA is increased in maternal blood in association with pregnancy complications including early pregnancy loss (Lim et al. 2013), preeclampsia (Contro et al. 2016), fetal growth restriction (Hahn et al. 2005, Taglauer et al. 2014) and preterm labor (Leung et al. 1998, Farina et al. 2005, Illanes et al. 2011, Jakobsen et al. 2012, Sifakis et al. 2015, Quezada et al. 2015, Dugoff et al. 2016). This evidence concerns the gene HCFC1 and preeclampsia.