F2RL3 and diabetes mellitus: Human vascular smooth muscle cells upregulate PAR4 in response to glucose,51 and elevated expression of PAR4 has been reported in the tunica media of atherectomy and saphenous vein tissue from patients with diabetes mellitus.51 Moreover, PAR4 deficiency protected against excessive remodeling induced by carotid artery ligation in streptozotocin-diabetic mice.52 PAR4, therefore, seems to be a key regulator of exaggerated intimal thickening in diabetes mellitus, and future studies examining the antiproliferative potential of PAR4 antagonism would be of significant therapeutic interest.