REN and cardiovascular disorder: Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of morbidity and mortalityworldwide.1 It has beenwell established that dysregulation or overexpression of the renin-angiotensinsystem (RAS) leads to several harmful vascular effects, contributing to thepathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases.2 Angiotensin II (Ang II) is the primary effector hormone ofthat system, produced by the action of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) on itssubstrate, angiotensin I (Ang I).3-5 Angiotensin II can act systemicallyor as a tissue factor, locally produced.