This subgroup analysis showed in thelong-term follow-up subgroup (defined as followup >1 month) (SMD -0.63, CI[-0.78, -0.47]) and the short-term follow-up subgroup (defined as follow-up of≤ 1 month (SMD -0.82, CI [-1.02, -0.62]), baseline BNP/NT-proBNP levelsin the AF recurrence group were significantly higher than BNP/NT-proBNP levelsin the SR-maintaining group (Figure 3).This indicated than BNP/NT-proBNP concentrations in the AF recurrence group weresignificantly higher than those in the SR-maintaining group. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is atrial fibrillation.