TNFSF10 and carcinoma: Regardless of vector type or commercial transfection kit employed, once the low rate of MSC transfection/transduction was overcome, studies have shown that TRAIL-expressing MSCs demonstrate impressive anti-tumor activities against mesothelioma [50], gliomas [51, 54–56], breast [52], renal [57], colon [48], and pancreatic [46] carcinoma xenografts, as well as inhibition of metastases [21, 45].