Also, dystrophin reduction has been observed in several experimental models of cardiomyopathies, such as post-viral myocarditis caused by Coxsackie virus B [33], myocardial infarction [23], isoproterenol [10,34] and doxorubicin administration [35], septic cardiomyopathy [36] and experimental Chagas disease [37–39]. Here, DMD is linked to Chagas disease.