TNF and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma: In addition, monocytes from ATLL patients, which were further differentiated in dendritic cells and infected by the lentiviral vector in vitro, were able to stimulate autologous CD8+ T-cells, with consequent expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha), IL-2 and perforin in vitro.