In PSC mice with 3, 5-diethoxycarbonyl-1, 4-dihydrocollidine-induced sclerosing cholangitis, the genetic loss of neither OPN nor TNF-α receptor-1 considerably affects the pathogenesis of sclerosing cholangitis, ductular reaction, and biliary fibrosis [102]. This evidence concerns the gene SPP1 and sclerosing cholangitis.