TLRs 1, 2, 6, and 10 recognize bacterial lipoproteins; TLRs 4 and 5 recognize LPS and flagellin, respectively; TLRs 7, 8, and 9 recognize nucleic acid molecules; TLRs 10, 11, and 12 recognize actin-like molecules; and TLR3 recognizes dsRNA, an intermediate generated during most viral infections. This evidence concerns the gene TLR3 and viral infectious disease.