TLR4 and ovarian carcinoma: Activation of TLR4 can promote the growth of ovarian cancer cells.36 The endogenous TLR4 activator S100A8/S100A9 could promote growth and metastasis of tumors.37 HPV16 infection will activate the innate immune system and initiate an inflammatory reaction in cervical epithelium, which not only identifies and clears the HPV virus but can also promote cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, ultimately leading to cancer.