It is widely believed that leukemic stem cells which have escaped chemotherapy treatment contribute to AML relapse.32 Although it has been shown that leukemic stem cells overexpress Bcl-233 and that the Bcl-2-selective inhibitor ABT-199 has shown promise, leading to clinical trials in AML,34 resistance remains an issue. The gene discussed is BCL2; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.