Most importantly, the restoration of XPO5 functions reverses the impaired export of pre-miRNAs and has tumor suppressor features.64 In hepatocellular carcinoma, we also observed the failure of XPO5 to transport pre-miRNAs from nucleus to cytoplasm, which was caused by ERK kinase to phosphorylate XPO5 (unpublished data). This evidence concerns the gene XPO5 and hepatocellular carcinoma.