IRF5 regulates the transcription of type 1 interferon and other cytokines, including IL12.29 The beta interferons were the first disease-modifying therapies approved for MS, influencing the immune system at many levels, resulting in sustained anti-inflammatory state.30 We again refer to the supplementary note for discussion of all the newly identified variants. Here, IFNB1 is linked to myeloid sarcoma.