ATG12 and colorectal carcinoma: Subsequently, with more available toxin, it is important to assess euglenophycin’s effects on: (1) the mTOR signaling pathway, (2) autophagy modulating complexes (e.g. Beclin-1/vacuolar sorting protein 34, Atg5/Atg12) [39], (3) p53+/+, p53 mutant, and p53-/- cells and animal models of CRC as context-dependent tumor-promoting or inhibitory functions of autophagy can be influenced by p53 status [40, 41].