IL22 and breast cancer: In addition, Karam et al. recently demonstrated that the IL-22-IL-22R1 pathway could activate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and STAT3 signaling pathways through increasing mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAP3K8) phosphorylation to promote epithelial cell transformation, initiation and progression in BC [11].