Indeed, preclinical studies showed that a combination of insulin and IGF-1 promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation of murine colon cancer MC38 cells in vitro via activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/MAPK signaling (74). The gene discussed is IGF1; the disease is malignant colon neoplasm.