ZIKV was modeled in such a system to great success; infection was found to cause neuronal cell death in the early stages of brain development (Garcez et al., 2016), to induce premature differentiation of preferentially infected neural progenitor cells resulting in mitotic defects (Gabriel et al., 2017), and to upregulate the innate immune receptor TLR3 (toll-like receptor 3) which resulted in dysregulation of neurogenesis and cell death (Dang et al., 2016). Here, TLR3 is linked to infection.