Microinjection of uninfected human astrocytoma cells resulted in minimal apoptosis in Cx43fl/fl (3.72 ± 1.44%) as well as in hGFAP-cre Cx43fl/fl (3.23 ± 1.53%) mice at the site of microinjection (Figure 2B and Table 1). Here, HGFAC is linked to astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma).