CD274 and non-small cell lung carcinoma: Failure of the immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells may be a cause of cancer development and progression [5].Clinical trials with antibodies to the programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), or its ligand, PD-L1, have demonstrated responses and improved disease control for patients with advanced and heavily-pretreated NSCLC [6], resulting in long-term survival for a small proportion of patients [7].