AIF1 and peripheral neuropathy: In the current report, analysis of the dorsal horn of the spinal cord collected from the same rats examined for peripheral neuropathy revealed that standard (4-suture) CCI induces exaggerated bilateral microglial activation and proliferation, as assessed by immunoreactivity (IR) of two microglial markers Iba1 and TMEM119, providing converging lines of evidence (Fig. 3a–e).