TGFB1 and cancer: The exact mechanism by which butyrate induces apoptosis in colon adenoma or cancer cells is not yet uncovered and many pathways are discussed, such as histone deacetylase inhibition [38,44,45], activation of the death receptor 5 [42], TGF-β1 [46], the JNK MAP [47] and mitochondrial pathways [43], as well as induction of the WNT pathway [48].