GAL and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: The analysis of mRNA expression, copy number variation and mutation in 279 cases of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas using the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics [15] revealed molecular alterations in only 7% of cases for gal-1, 6% for gal-3, 5% for gal-7, 9% for gal-8, and 4% for gal-9, mainly including mRNA up-regulation and a few gene amplification [16] (Figure 2A).