Thereafter, GCS-100-induced MM cell apoptosis is mediated by a reduction of MCL-1 and Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extralarge) proteins, an induction of NOXA (Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1) and the activation of caspase-3, -8 and -9, associated with lower levels of activated AKT and NF-κB pathways [35] (Figure 1). Here, AKT1 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.