EGF and gliosarcoma: We previously demonstrated that HET0016 decreased proliferation of 9L gliosarcoma cells by 55% by reducing the phosphorylation of protein kinases and growth factors such as ERK1/2, stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK), cJUN, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) [142].