Other studies have observed induction of apoptosis by capsaicin in melanoma cells, as well: Gong et al. showed, in a study performed on human melanoma A375-S2 cells, that capsaicin induces melanoma cell death in a time and dose dependent manner by reducing the expression of inhibitor of caspase activated DNase (ICAD); ICAD expression was decreased over the lapse of time, as cell treated with capsaicin progressed into apoptotic stages [70]. This evidence concerns the gene DFFA and melanoma.