In this regard, gene expression analyses identified several pathways altered, including the PPAR signaling pathway, the insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, cell cycle, protein modification, lipid metabolism, and carbohydrate biosynthesis, all of which have been previously associated with altered function in FRDA patients (Coppola et al., 2009; Haugen et al., 2010; Coppola et al., 2006). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Friedreich ataxia.