ALK and lung carcinoma: Thus, different molecular subtypes are susceptible to specific targeted treatments, such as those aimed at the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) [2] or at the translocation of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene [3], greatly impacting on patients’ survival and quality of life in advanced stages of the disease, as have the introduction of immunotherapy as a treatment for lung cancer [4, 5].