Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two anti-PD-1 mAbs (PD-1 blockade), nivolumab (Opdivo; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.)and pembrolizumab (KEYTRUDA; Merck and Co., Inc.), and three anti-PD-L1 mAbs (PD-L1 blockade), atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ; Genentech Oncology), avelumab (BAVENCIO; EMD Serono, Inc.), and durvalumab (IMFINZI; AstraZeneca UK Limited), for the treatment of cancer. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is cancer.