Furthermore, in an inducible liver cancer model, dysfunction of antigen-specific T cells lasting for more than 30 days was not rescued either after antigen withdrawal or after a decrease in PD-1 levels in TILs by anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy (17), suggesting that the dysfunction state was maintained by multiple factors rather than PD-1 alone. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is liver cancer.