PDCD1 and neoplasm: A recent biomarker study using longitudinal tumor samples from patients with metastatic melanoma showed that expression of PD-1, LAG-3, and PD-L1 in early on-treatment (median: 1.4 months after initiation of treatment), but not in pre-treatment (median: 3 months prior to treatment), biopsies was highly predictive for response to PD-1 blockade, suggesting the inability to accurately predict the clinical response before anti-PD-1 therapy (237).