A prospective trial in melanoma patients found that response to anti-PD-1 therapy induced genomic contraction, which was associated with pronounced pre-existing immune signatures in pre-treatment samples, including TCR/PD-1/IFN-γ/IL-2/PI3K signaling signatures as well as MHC class II and other genes resembling a macrophage signature (243). This evidence concerns the gene IL2 and melanoma.