Investigations are needed to clarify whether aberrant activity of pathways, such as NOTCH, WNT, EMT, SHH, Hippo, and EGF/FGF, is associated with tumorigenesis, for instance, whether their deregulation in the pituitary resident stem cells leads to the generation of TSC that drive tumor growth, or whether the deregulation promotes tumorigenesis through paracrine signaling between the activated tissue stem cells and surrounding tumor cells. The gene discussed is SHH; the disease is neoplasm.