Therefore, the aims of the present study were to determine (1) the major site or sites at which rolipram acts to ameliorate paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain, (2) the mechanisms of action of rolipram on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in rats, and (3) a better understanding of how PDE4 inhibition works to alleviate neuropathic pain will help to identify potential drug targets for chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. The gene discussed is PDE4A; the disease is neuropathic pain.