BDNF and chronic cystitis: These results suggest that chemical mediators (e.g., neurotrophins, neuropeptides) upregulated when CYP-induced cystitis is combined with NGF-OE can contribute to neurochemical and functional LUT plasticity in NGF-OE mice (Guerios et al., 2006, 2008; Arms et al., 2010, 2013; Schnegelsberg et al., 2010; Arms and Vizzard, 2011; Gonzalez et al., 2013, 2014a,b).