GNA12 and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Immunoblot analysis of GNA13 protein levels of a panel of HNSCC patient-derived cell lines showed higher GNA13 expression in cell lines derived from tumors taken from patients that went on to develop distant metastasis (HN19, HN43, and HN90), with no variation seen in the ortholog GNA12 (Figs. 1d and e).