Although no differences were found between patients and controls with regards to the percentage of peripheral PBMCs, CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells, NSCLC patients had a higher percentage of circulating PD-L1+CD3+ and PD-L1+CD3+CD8+ cells (but not PD-L1+CD3+CD4+), as well as a higher percentage of PD-L2+PBMCs, PD-L2+CD3+ and PD-L2+CD3+CD4+ cells (but not PD-L2+CD3+CD8+). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.